Stainless pipe fitting,stainless fitting,duplex stainless,31803,32750,32760,we are one of largest sour service stainless fitting supplier according to ISO 10156.
UNS Number: S41000
Other Designations: AISI/SAE 410, ASTM A182 F410, DIN 1.4006, X12Cr13, JIS SUS410, BS 410S21, EN 10088-3
Material Type: Standard low-carbon martensitic chromium stainless steel (non-nickel, fully heat-treatable, magnetic)
Applicable Standards: ASTM A240, ASTM A182, ASTM A276, ASTM A403, ASME B16.5, B16.9, B16.11
Data Source Note: Compiled from Jacquet USA official technical documents and Emirerri Steel ASTM A182 F410 authoritative specifications, compliant with international industrial standards.
Grade 410 is the most versatile general-purpose martensitic stainless steel, featuring a low-carbon, nickel-free chromium alloy composition with approximately 11.50–13.50% chromium. It is fully heat-treatable, enabling adjustable high hardness, tensile strength and excellent wear resistance after quenching and tempering.
Compared with austenitic stainless steels (e.g. 304), 410 delivers higher surface hardness, better wear resistance and lower comprehensive cost. Compared with ordinary carbon steel, it possesses superior oxidation resistance and atmospheric corrosion resistance. The material is magnetic under all processing states and exhibits stable mechanical properties after standardized heat treatment.
Application Limitation: Not suitable for severe corrosive working conditions including chloride-rich environments, strong acid, strong alkali and salt fog atmosphere.
2. Chemical Composition (Weight %)
Compliant with ASTM A182 / ASTM A240 International Standards
| Element | Minimum | Maximum | Technical Notes |
| Carbon (C) | 0.08 | 0.15 | Determines material hardenability and final hardness |
| Chromium (Cr) | 11.50 | 13.50 | Provides basic atmospheric corrosion and oxidation resistance |
| Manganese (Mn) | – | 1.00 | Improves hot working formability |
| Silicon (Si) | – | 1.00 | Deoxidizer in smelting process, stabilizes alloy structure |
| Phosphorus (P) | – | 0.040 | Strictly controlled impurity to avoid structural brittleness |
| Sulfur (S) | – | 0.030 | Low sulfur content ensures excellent toughness and corrosion resistance (core difference from 416 free-machining steel) |
| Nickel (Ni) | – | 0.75 | Allowable residual trace element |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance | – | Base matrix element |
3. Physical Properties (Annealed, 20°C Room Temperature)
| Physical Parameter | Typical Value | Unit |
| Density | 7.75 | g/cm³ |
| Melting Temperature Range | 1450 – 1510 | °C |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 200 | GPa |
| Thermal Conductivity (100°C) | 24.2 | W/m·K |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (0–100°C) | 11.2 × 10⁻⁶ | /°C |
| Electrical Resistivity | 56 | μΩ·cm |
| Magnetic Property | Fully magnetic in all heat treatment states | – |
4.1 Annealed Delivery Condition (Commercial Standard Supply)
Tested on 1” round bar at room temperature
| Mechanical Property | ASTM Standard Minimum | Typical Actual Value | Unit |
| Tensile Strength | 480 | 510 | MPa |
| 0.2% Offset Yield Strength | 275 | 290 | MPa |
| Elongation (50mm gauge length) | 20 | 34 | % |
| Brinell Hardness | ≤187 (A182) / ≤201 (A240) | 170–190 | HB |
| Charpy V-Notch Impact Toughness | – | 30 | J |
4.2 Quenched & Tempered Mechanical Properties
Standard Heat Treatment: 980–1010°C austenitizing, oil quenching, 1-hour tempering
| Tempering Temperature | Hardness Range | Yield Strength (MPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Technical Remarks |
| 204°C (400°F) | 43–45 HRC | 1076 | 1399 | Maximum hardness & wear resistance state |
| 315°C (600°F) | 39–42 HRC | 965 | 1240 | Balanced hardness and toughness |
| 538°C (1000°F) | 31–35 HRC | 882 | 1063 | Severe Temper Brittleness Zone – Prohibited for Load-Bearing Parts |
| 649°C (1200°F) | 23–28 HRC | 550 | 767 | Maximum toughness & ductility state |
Critical Metallurgical Warning: Grade 410 stainless steel suffers irreversible temper embrittlement in the temperature range of 400°C–565°C. All structural and pressure-bearing components must avoid tempering and long-term heat preservation in this interval.
5. Standard Heat Treatment Procedures
| Process Type | Temperature Range (°C) | Cooling Method | Engineering Purpose |
| Full Annealing | 815–900 | Slow furnace cooling | Soften material, eliminate internal stress, optimize machinability and formability |
| Process Annealing | 730–760 | Air cooling | Stress relief after cold working deformation |
| Hardening (Quenching) | 980–1066 | Oil quench (small sections); air quench (large thick sections) | Form complete martensitic structure to obtain high hardness |
| Tempering | 204–399 / 566–650 (avoid 400–565°C) | Air cooling | Relieve quenching stress, adjust hardness and toughness matching |
Operation Note: Tempering must be completed within 1 hour after quenching to prevent material cracking and residual stress failure.
6. Corrosion Resistance Performance
6.1 Applicable Service Environments
- Dry indoor and rural atmospheric environments
- Fresh water, normal pressure steam and neutral aqueous medium
- Weak alkaline solutions, petroleum products and organic solvents
- General industrial mild corrosion atmosphere
6.2 Inapplicable Service Environments
- Marine seawater, coastal high chloride salt fog environment
- Strong acid, strong alkali and high-salinity corrosive media
- Tropical humid atmosphere and industrial sulfur-containing corrosive gas
6.3 Performance Grade & Optimization Measures
Corrosion Resistance Ranking: Carbon Steel < 410 < 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel < 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel
Surface optimization: Machined parts can be passivated or polished to improve surface corrosion resistance; outdoor stored parts need anti-rust oil coating.
7. Fabrication & Welding Guidelines
Good machining performance under annealed state (≤201 HB). Machinability rating is about 50% of free-cutting carbon steel, lower than 416 stainless steel, but with better toughness and corrosion resistance. Continuous chips are generated during processing; carbide tools are recommended for high-speed cutting.
Poor to fair weldability, prone to welding cold cracks. Mandatory preheating at 200–300°C before welding. Applicable processes: TIG, MIG, SMAW stick welding. Matching filler metal: ER410 / E410 welding rod. Post-weld stress relief tempering at 600–650°C is required to improve ductility and avoid grain coarsening.
Hot forging temperature range: 950–1200°C. Slow cooling after hot working is required to prevent cracking. Cold forming performance is general; forming operation is recommended in fully annealed state. Stress relief annealing is required after large cold deformation.
8. Heat Resistance Performance
- Maximum continuous service temperature (oxidation resistance): 650°C (1200°F)
- Maximum intermittent service temperature: 700°C (1290°F)
- Stable mechanical strength maintained below 450°C
- Excellent thermal cycle resistance, stable structural integrity under repeated heating and cooling
9. Typical Industrial Applications
- Pressure Pipeline Components: ASTM A182 F410 flanges (Class150–2500), forged pipe fittings, valve bodies, valve stems and valve seats
- Power Generation Equipment: Steam turbine blades, nozzles, pump core components
- Oil & Gas Industry: Wellhead accessories, downhole wear-resistant parts, pipeline connecting components
- Mechanical Structural Parts: High-strength shafts, gears, bolts, nuts, precision fasteners
- General Industrial Parts: Heat exchanger components, automotive exhaust parts, general wear-resistant mechanical parts
10. Product Forms & Specification Scope
| Product Form | Applicable Standards | Size Range |
| Forged Flanges (WN/SO/BL/SW/TH) | ASTM A182 F410, ASME B16.5/B16.47 | 1/2” – 48” (DN15–DN1200) |
| Forged Threaded & Socket Weld Fittings | ASTM A182 F410, ASME B16.11 | 1/8” – 4” (DN6–DN100) |
| Round/Square/Hex Bars | ASTM A276 | 1/4” – 12” Diameter |
| Seamless Steel Pipes | ASTM A268 | 1/2” – 24” NPS |
| Sheets & Plates | ASTM A240 | 0.5mm – 100mm Thickness |
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